Project Meliaceae
Plantation Management: Propagation and Nursery
Practices
This web site is a continually evolving and ongoing project. Its
purpose is to improve communication among all groups and individuals
that are involved with these species. We need your help! If you have a
link, information to share, or are interested in authoring a section of
the site, please send email to: mftf@mahoganyforthefuture.org
Holdridge, L. R. 1941. Preliminary notes on the silviculture of
big-leaf mahogany. Caribbean Forester 2(1):20-23
Mahogany planting. Seeds per pound of what was formerly classified as Swietenia
candollei from South America .averaged about 600, whereas seed of Swietenia
macrophylla of Central America averaged 900 per pound. S.
macrophylla seed exposed to ambient temperature declined in
viability from an initial 54% to 30% in 60 days and to virtually
nothing a month later. Nothing was gained by sealing at this
temperature. At 33 to 40ºF exposed seeds retained 27% after a
year. Sealed and
refrigerated, viability at one year was 42%. Sowing in the nursery for
24-inch stock was to obtain 6 to 8 seedlings per square foot. For
shipment bare-root trees are packed in moss in wet sacks. Best
survival is obtained planting beneath a shelterwood that must soon be
thinned. Shoot borer attack is less under shade. (Abstracted by
F. H. Wadsworth)
Marrero, J. 1943. A seed storage study of some tropical hardwoods.
Caribbean Forester 4(3):99-106.
Seed facts. For Cedrela odorata the average number of seeds
(with wings) was 14.000 per pound. Unsealed, at room temperature, the
viability dropped from 54 to 12 percent in 60 days and to 0 a month
later.
Unsealed, but refrigerated to 35-40ºF, viability held up (38-41%)
for 8 months. Seed so stored, sealed did no better. For Swietenia
macrophylla refrigerated and sealed seed declined in viability only
from 56 to 42%
after a year. (Abstracted by F. H. Wadsworth)
Marrero, J. 1949. Tree seed data from Puerto Rico. Caribbean Forester
10:11-36.
Seed weights. Cedrela odorata averaged 18,500 seeds to
the pound.
And germination of fresh seed averaged 80 percent. Seedof S,
macrophylla
ranged from 590 to 900 per pound, and germination of fresh seed
averaged
54 percent. Seed of S. mahagoni averaged 3,200 per pound
and
germination averaged 70 percent. For S. macrophylla the average
time
lapse for the germination of 1,319 lots was 28 days. For S.
mahagoni
the average for 104 lots was 18 days. For Cedrela odorata,
from
42 lots the average was 12 days.
Chinte, F. O. 1952.Tree planting of large-leaved mahogany (Swietenia
macrophylla
King) Caribbean Forester 13(2):75-91.
S. macrophylla in the Philippines. In Hondurus mahogany has
flowers
during the rainy season. In the Philippines they bloom during the
dry
season. A 17-year-old tree produced 210 fruits. 337 trees produced968
liters
of seed. A 52-cm dbh tree produced 209 fruits. The average fruit
weighed
403 grams and had 51 to 64 seeds. S. macrophylla was
intreoduced into
the Philippines in 1913. S. mahagoni in 1915/ In the Makiling National
Park
natural regeneration meets the need for planting. Seed of S.
macrophylla,
sealed and buried with charcoal remained viable (73 % germination) to
132
days compared with 45 days otherwise.Large seeds give better
germination
and healthier and faster growing seedlings. Seedlings 1 year old
are
planted (no transplanting) Survival bare-rooted is 69%, 77% with a ball
of
earth. Growth is to 20.9 cm dbh in 18 years. 37.9 cm at 21 years, and
51.3
cm at 35 years. Hypsipyla robusta is present but no serious
problem.
May slow growth and damage tree form.
Sebastião da Cunha Lopes, Osmar Alves Lameira, Gerson Renan
Luces Fortes, Raírys Cravo Nogueira, José Eduardo Brasil
Pereira Pinto. 2001. ENRAIZAMENTO IN VITRO DE MOGNO (Swietenia
macrophylla King). CERNE 7:124-128.
IN VITRO ROOTING OF MAHOGANY.
English abstract, complete article (Portuguese) Available.
http://www.dcf.ufla.br/cerne/Revistav7n1-2001/11%20artigo%20001.pdf
Link verified 2 August 2004
Noldt G; Bauch J. 2001. Colonization of fine roots of mahogany
(Swietenia macrophylla King) by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
under plantation conditions in Central Amazon. JOURNAL OF APPLIED
BOTANY-ANGEWANDTE BOTANIK. 75(3-4):168-172.
Abstract
http://mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu/latest/latest01/01_10noldt1.htm
Link verified 2 August 2004
Ecology and silviculture of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla
King) in the state of Para in the Brazilian Amazon
Funder reference number: R6912 / 781-644-001
Funder: UK (DFID) Natural Resources Research Department
Project dates: 1997 to 2000
Project summary included
Seedling dynamics, effects of silvicultural treatment on regeneration,
demonstration of logging practices.
http://www.odi.org.uk/tropics/projects/3251.htm
Link verified 2 August 2004
Silviculture of Mahogany (Swietenia Macrophylla King) Trials
Study 1: Silviculture for sustainable tropical forestry in the Mayan
ejidos of Quintana Roo, Mexico
Patricia Negreros-Castillo, Laura Snook
Study 2: Evaluation of establishment practices for mahogany and Spanish
cedar in Quintana Roo, Mexico
Patricia Negreros-Castillo, Carl Mize
Study 3: Reforestation of tropical hardwoods in Mexico: stock type and
regeneration method affect growth.
J.G. Mexal, R.A. Cuevas-Rangel and P. Negreros-Castillo
http://www.forestry.iastate.edu/smaya/mexsilv.htm
Link verified 2 August 2004
Vilisoni Naitinelia, Kuldeep Singh and Sanjana Lal. 1997 Seed
Production of Swietenia macrophylla (Large-Leaved Mahogany) in
Fiji. Pacific Islands Forests & Trees Newsletter No. 4/97
Source: CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products
Complete article available.
http://www.ffp.csiro.au/tigr/atscmain/whatwedo/projects/sprig/mahogany.htm
Link verified 2 August 2004
Wightman, KE. 2001. Ensayos de sutratos y densidad con cedro
(Cedrela odorata) y caoba (Swietenia macrophylla) en el sur de la
Península de Yucatán, México. Revisata
Forestal. 36:35-40.
Wightman, KE, Shear, T, Goldfarb, B and JP Haggar. 2001. Nursery and
field establishment techniques to improve seedling growth of three
Costa Rican
hardwoods. New Forests 22:75-96.
Wightman, KE. Good Tree Nursery Practices. 1999. Practical Guidelines
for Community Nurseries. International Centre for Research
in Agroforestry. 95 pp. also available: URL http://www.icraf.cgiar.org
Wightman, KE. 2000. Practicas adecuadas para los viveros forestales.
Guía practica para los viveros comunitarios. 101 pp. (Spanish
translation of
above).
Wightman, KE. and Cruz, BS. (2003, accepted for March edition). La
cadena de la reforestación y la importancia en la calidad de las
plantas. [The reforestation cycle and the importance of plant quality].
Revista Forestal Veracruzana [Veracruz (Mexico) Journal of Forestry].
Wightman, KE, Ward, SE, Santiago, BR, Cornelius, JP. Mejorando la
calidad de germoplasma forestal en la peninsula de Yucatan. [Improving
the quality of forest germplasm: experiences with mahogany and Spanish
cedar in the
Yucatan peninsula.]. In review by Revista Forestal
Centroamericana.
[Central American Journal of Forestry].
Wightman, KE. 2001. Ensayos de substratos y densidad con cedro (Cederla
odorata) y caoba (Swietenia macrophylla) en el Sur de la
Península
de Yucatán. Revista Forestal Centroamericana, 36:35-40.
Jaenicke, H. and Wightman, KE. 2000. What often remains in the dark –
the root system of nursery plants. Agroforestry Today 11(3-4): 23-25.
Wightman, KE and T. Landis. (In press). Reforestation in the Yucatan
Peninsula and the Role of the Sister Nursery Program. Presentation and
paper to the Forest Nursery Association of British Columbia, Vernon,
BC. Sept. 24-26.
2001.
Wightman, KE. (2001) Técnicas para mejorar la calidad de planta
en vivero, ejemplos con Cedro (Cedrela odorata) y Caoba (Swietenia
macrophylla King). Primer Congreso Nacional de Reforestación,
PRONARE, Texcoco, Mexico. 8-10 Noviembre, 2000. Primer Congreso
Nacional de Reforestación, PRONARE, Texcoco, Mexico. 8-10
Noviembre, 2000. 5:6 del Memoria en CD.
Haggar JP, Wightman KE and M Sosa. 1997. Una estrategia para hacer
rentable la producción de árboles por ejidatarios en la
Península Yucatán. [A strategy to make the production of
trees profitable for community members in the Yucatan peninsula of
Mexico]. Memoria II Fondo Internacional: Los Aprovechamientos
Forestales en Selvas y su Relación con el Ambiente. COFAN,
Veracruz, México.
Wightman KE. 2002. Convierta la basura en abono orgánico, vivero
forestales! Primero de dos partes [Convert trash into compost, forest
nurseries! Part one of two]. Rural. Boletín Informativo No. 4,
Sept. – Oct.
Wightman, KE. 1999. Convierte la basura en Abono Orgánico..
[Convert trash to organic matter in forest nurseries.] International
Centre for Research in Agroforestry. 25 pp.
Wightman, KE. 1998. Mejoramiento de calidad de plantas en viveros
forstales y revision de la politica de PRONARE. [Improving plant
quality in forestry nursery and review of the policies of the state
reforestation program (PRONARE).] 55 pp.
Wightman KE. 1997. Consultative review of ICRAF nurseries in Peru and
Mexico. International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, Pucallpa,
Peru. 27 pp.
Wightman, KE. 2001. Propagation protocol for production of container
Swietenia macrophylla King plants. Managua, Nicaragua. In: Native Plant
Network. URL:
http://www.nativeplantnetwork.org . Moscow (ID): University of
Idaho, College of Natural Resources, Forest Research
Nursery.
Wightman, KE. 2001. Propagation protocol for production of container
Cedrela odorata plants. Managua, Nicaragua. In: Native Plant Network.
URL: http://www.nativeplantnetwork.org.
Moscow (ID): University of Idaho, College of Natural Resources, Forest
Research Nursery.
****************************************
Seed collections:
Jardin Botánico Lancetilla
Collección de Swietenia macrophylla
http://www.lancetilla-oimt.hn/jardin_botanico/programas/produccion_sostenible.html
Link verified 2 August 2004
http://www.lancetilla-oimt.hn/jardin_botanico/
Link verified 2 August 2004
Seeds available of Swietenia macrophylla
Average germination 73%
Seed Technology Unit
Forest Plantation Division, FRIM, Kuala Lumpar, Malaysia
http://www.frim.gov.my/Hladang/bbenih/seedlab.htm
Link dead 2 August 2004
Seedlings available of:
Khaya nyasica, Khaya senegalensis, Swietenia macrophylla, Swietenia
mahogani, Toona ciliata,
Cedrela odorata, Azadirachta
indica, Azadirachta
excelsa
Future Forests Nursery
Kailua Kona, HI
http://www.forestnursery.com/pricelist.html
Link verified 2 August 2004
Seeds available(?):
Corporación Nacional de Investigación y Fomento Forestal
(CONIF)
Bogatá, Colombia
Banco Nacional y Laboratorio de Semillas Forestales
CATÁLOGO DE SEMILLAS, includes Swietenia
macrophylla and Cedrela
odorata
http://www.conif.org.co/catalogo_semillas.php
Link posted 9 August 2004